BBEdit 14.1
It can take Bare Bones a while to add things to BBEdit, but when they do it's always thought out and well-implemented.
Image files are browseable in disk browsers and projects, and openable into ordinary window sidebars. The image view includes metadata details, and a “Remove Metadata” button is available for deleting image metadata if desired. (BBEdit will create a macOS version snapshot of the image file before doing so, if possible.) BBEdit will attempt to pick a background color (shade of gray) that provides reasonable contrast with the image. If desired you can adjust the background color using the slider adjacent to the image, and BBEdit will remember this setting per-image.
Their release notes have also always been top-notch. Bare Bones Software | BBEdit 14.1 Release Notes